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Use this Roman numeral converter to convert a number to a Roman numeral and back, write a date in Roman numerals, or calculate with Roman numerals. Each result includes a breakdown. For example, 2026 is MMXXVI. Free, with no sign-up, right in your browser.
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Result
MMXXVI
2,026 is MMXXVI in Roman numerals.
Calculation steps
Example result
This is what the results look like. Enter your own number above to see the result instantly.
Number to Roman numeral
MMXXVI
2,026 is MMXXVI in Roman numerals.
Roman numeral to number
1,999
MCMXCIX is the number 1,999.
Roman date
IX.X.MMXXVI
9 October 2026 is written as IX.X.MMXXVI.
Calculate with Roman numerals
XXXVII
XIV + XXIII = XXXVII.
Why this calculator
How this calculator differs from a single input field with a Calculate button
Two fields, both directions
Type in the number or Roman numeral field: the other updates instantly. Case doesn’t matter, and pasted characters like Ⅻ are recognized too.
Digit-by-digit breakdown
For each result, you can see how it is built: 1994 is M plus CM plus XC plus IV. This helps you learn the notation instead of just copying an answer.
Default or clock notation
Write four as the standard IV or as IIII, as seen on many clock faces. If you enter an unusual form such as IL, the calculator shows you the standard form XLIX.
Up to 3,999,999 with an overline
The seven symbols are enough for numbers up to 3999. Above that, a line over a letter multiplies its value by 1,000. This makes 4000 I̅V̅, with an upper limit of 3,999,999.
Write date in Roman numerals
Convert a date to Roman numerals, for example for tattoos, anniversaries, or inscriptions. Choose the order and separator: 09.10.2026 becomes IX.X.MMXXVI.
Calculate with Roman numerals
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide using Roman numerals or digits. The result is shown as a Roman numeral, with a remainder for division and the calculation steps.
How it works
Four steps from number to result.
Step 1
Choose what you need above: convert a number to and from Roman numerals, write a date in Roman numerals, or calculate with Roman numerals.
Step 2
Enter a number from 1 to 3,999,999 or a Roman numeral in either field. Capitalisation does not matter; the other field updates immediately. In the “Date” tab, choose a date, order and separator. In the “Calculate” tab, choose two numbers and an operation.
Step 3
Keep the standard form (IV, IX) selected, or choose “Additive (IIII, VIIII)” if you need notation without subtraction, as seen on many clock faces.
Step 4
Read the result and, for conversions, its breakdown into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones, along with the calculation. Use “Copy result” to copy it, or “Share link” to copy a link containing your input.
Tables
The seven symbols, numbers from 1 to 100, round hundreds and thousands, and important years.
| Symbol | Value |
|---|---|
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1,000 |
| Number | Roman |
|---|---|
| 100 | C |
| 200 | CC |
| 300 | CCC |
| 400 | CD |
| 500 | D |
| 600 | DC |
| 700 | DCC |
| 800 | DCCC |
| 900 | CM |
| 1,000 | M |
| 2,000 | MM |
| 3,000 | MMM |
| 3,999 | MMMCMXCIX |
| Year | Roman |
|---|---|
| 1900 | MCM |
| 1945 | MCMXLV |
| 1969 | MCMLXIX |
| 1989 | MCMLXXXIX |
| 1999 | MCMXCIX |
| 2000 | MM |
| 2020 | MMXX |
| 2024 | MMXXIV |
| 2025 | MMXXV |
| 2026 | MMXXVI |
| 2030 | MMXXX |
Examples
Frequently looked-up numbers and years, converted using the same rules as the calculator above.
Rules
Four rules explain almost every Roman numeral—and why 49 is not IL.
If a symbol follows one of equal or greater value, the values are added: VIII is 5 plus 3. I, X, C, and M may appear at most three times in a row; V, L, and D are never repeated.
If a smaller symbol comes before a larger one, it is subtracted. Only six pairs are allowed: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). That is why 49 is XLIX, not IL.
Many clock faces show four as IIII instead of IV. This additive notation dates back to antiquity and remains common on clocks today. Both forms are readable, but IV is the standard in everyday use.
The Romans had no symbol for zero, so every conversion starts at 1. The traditional upper limit is MMMCMXCIX (3999). Larger numbers use a line above a letter to multiply its value by 1,000.
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FAQ
Quick answers about Roman numerals, notation, and dates.
2026 is MMXXVI: MM for 2000, XX for 20 and VI for 6. Enter the number above to see a place-by-place breakdown.
Read from left to right and add the values. If a smaller symbol comes before a larger one, subtract it: MCMXCIV is 1000 + (1000 − 100) + (100 − 10) + (5 − 1) = 1994. In the calculator, simply type the Roman numeral into the field on the right.
There are seven symbols: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, and M = 1000. All other numbers are formed from these. The table above shows the numbers from 1 to 100, as well as multiples of 100 and 1000.
The seven symbols alone only go up to MMMCMXCIX, or 3999. For larger numbers, a bar above a letter means multiply by 1,000: 5000 is V̅, 10,000 is X̅, and 4000 is I̅V̅. The calculator uses this notation for numbers up to 3,999,999.
Subtraction is allowed only in the six pairs IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM. The correct forms are therefore XCIX (90 + 9) and XLIX (40 + 9). If you enter IC or IL, the calculator interprets them as 99 or 49 and shows you the standard form. It rejects ambiguous forms such as IIX or VX.
IV is the standard subtractive form (5 minus 1). IIII is the additive notation, which dates back to antiquity and is common on clock faces. The calculator supports both: With “Additive (IIII, VIIII),” it writes numbers without subtraction.
No. The Romans had no numeral for zero, so there are no negative Roman numerals either. Conversion starts at 1; for a result of 0 or less, the calculator shows a message instead of a numeral.
The day, month and year are converted separately. In the “Date” tab, choose the date, the order of day, month and year, and a period, hyphen, slash or space as the separator. This makes October 9, 2026, IX.X.MMXXVI. Years 1 to 3999 are supported.
Yes. In the “Calculate” tab, you can add, subtract, multiply and divide two numbers entered as Roman numerals or digits. XIV plus XXIII is XXXVII, with the calculation shown below. For division, you get a whole-number result with a remainder. Results below 1 or above 3,999,999 cannot be written as Roman numerals, so the calculator displays a notice.
No. Conversion happens entirely in your browser; your numbers are not sent to a server. Your input appears in the address bar so you can share it using “Share link”.
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