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If you have ever found yourself stuck while mining in deep caves or wondering for a better way to fight the Ender Dragon, chances are, you’ve wished you had a potion or two at your side.
Potion Brewing is one of the most underrated and undoubtedly the most rewarding items in Minecraft. It might turn you into a survival expert, whether you have just started playing or are a seasoned player altogether. For example, you can survive lethal falls with Slow Falling, nullify lava damage using Fire Resistance, and even sprint through the world with Swiftness.
However, you might find a lot of players who do not often use these potions, it is because the entire system looks a bit complicated. But once you understand the logic of brewing, you’ll never want to enter a boss fight or deep-cave expedition without your custom potion loadout.
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So, we have created this guide that will help you learn everything about brewing potions and which ones are the best in the game.
Let’s get down with it.
You need to have the basics cleared before you can start the brewing process. By basics, we mean the right setup, ingredients, and understanding of the brewing mechanics. This section will give you a complete foundation before you dive into making your first potion.
Here are all the tools you will need for brewing.
It is the central workstation of the entire process. This is where you will brew or craft all your potions from scratch. Let’s see what you need to craft this brewing stand first, and the steps to follow.
Now to craft a brewing stand, place the Blaze Rod in the center and 3 Cobblestone in the bottom row. Once crafted, place the Brewing Stand anywhere safe, preferably near your storage, water source, and Nether Wart farm.
The next item needed is the Blaze Powder. Without it, you can’t brew even a single potion, no matter how many bottles or ingredients you add. Think of it like coal for a furnace: your brewing setup simply won’t work unless this is in place.
This particular item cannot be obtained in the wild. For this, you need a lot of Blaze Rods, which Blazes drop, a hostile mob found only in the Nether.
1 Blaze Rod → 2 Blaze Powder. No crafting table needed; you can craft Blaze Powder directly in your inventory grid.
Once crafted, this is inserted in the fuel slot (top-left of the Brewing Stand GUI). Each Blaze Powder fuels up to 20 brews, making it efficient for batch brewing.
Another very important ingredient to start the brewing process is water. For this, you first need to craft Glass Bottles, then fill them using a water source.
To craft the bottles you will need, 3 Glass Blocks → 3 Glass Bottles. Then, place the glass in a "V" shape in the crafting grid.
Once crafted, start by filling them with water. Start by holding an empty Glass Bottle in your hand. Then, right-click on any water source block or a Cauldron filled with water. Finally, each fill converts one Glass Bottle into a Water Bottle.
The best way to get a constant supply of water is by building a small water pool around your brewing setup. This works much better than using a cauldron for a water source.
You are going to need a ton of Nether Wart and undoubtedly a constant supply of it for brewing potions. When you place Water Bottles in the Brewing Stand and add Nether Wart as the first ingredient:
However, there are some potions which do not require Nether Wart, such as Weakness.
A very important aspect about this component is that you will not find it in the Overworld. Rather, you can collect it from different structures found in the Nether dimension. For example, in the Nether Fortress, look for Soul Sand gardens near staircases or corridors. Here you can easily find 10-15 Nether Warts. Similarly, you will also find these in the Bastion Remnants growing around central areas with Soul Sand.
Apart from this, the best way to get as many Nether Warts as you can is by setting up a farm around the brewing setup. Start by setting up a 9x9 (or larger) patch of Soul Sand near your Brewing Station. You can then harvest when fully grown (Stage 4) by using Fortune III Hoe, which eventually increases drop yield. Likewise, try replanting these immediately to keep your supply consistent.
Now that you have the basic idea about the ingredients you will need for the brewing potions setup, let’s check out how the stand works.
When you open the stand, you will see five slots:
1. Fuel Slot: This is on the top left of the stand where you will place the Blaze Powder. Each of these lasts for 20 brewing operations. The yellow bar to the left shows remaining fuel. Also, if the bar is empty, the stand won’t brew even with bottles and ingredients.
2. Bottle slots: These slots are at the bottom row and can accept Water Bottles, Awkward Potions, Splash Potions, and Lingering Potions. With this, you can brew about 1-3 potions in one go.
3. Ingredient Slot: Here, you will be adding your main ingredient to the top center slot in the brewing stand. Each ingredient takes 20 seconds to process. Make sure to add different items in multiple stages of the process.
To start brewing any potion with the help of a Brewing stand, you need to first create the Awkward Potions by adding Nether Wart to Water Bottles. Then, the process simply requires adding the base ingredient to create different potions.
Let’s look at all the base ingredients and how they create different effects altogether.
The first ingredient we have is Sugar. It is derived from sugarcane, which is pretty easy to extract once you start farming early on in the game. You can even build an automated farm to harvest sugarcane.
This acts as a base ingredient for brewing Potions of Swiftness. Now, once you add it to the stand along with Awkward Potion, it grants increased movement speed for 3 minutes, which can be extended to 8 minutes using Redstone, or boosted to Speed II (1 minute 30 seconds) using Glowstone. These are best used for faster travel and even in PvP kiting.
Next, we have Rabbit’s Foot. It is used with the Awkward Potion to create Potions of Leaping, which grant Jump Boost. This is considered to be the rarest brewing ingredient, dropped occasionally by rabbits and more reliably with a Looting III sword.
Using modifiers like Redstone, the Jump Boost lasts 8 minutes, while Glowstone raises it to Jump Boost II for 1 minute and 30 seconds.
This particular ingredient is used to create the Potion of Healing (Instant Health). You cannot directly get this item from chests or anywhere; instead, you need to craft it by using a Melon Slice and 8 Gold Nuggets.
Then, add the Glistering Melon Slice to the brewing stand along with the basic ingredients, and you will obtain the Healing Potion. This potion doesn’t follow standard duration rules; it heals instantly. Furthermore, adding Glowstone upgrades it to Instant Health II, which restores more health, whereas Redstone has no effect.
Ghast Tears are collected from Ghast mobs found in the Nether biome. You can brew the Potion of Regeneration (heals you slowly over time), using this ingredient with the use of Awkward Potion.
As for the modifiers, if you further add Redstone here, it extends the effect from 0:45 to 1:30. While Glowstone increases its potency, i.e., Regeneration II, for 22 seconds.
This one has a kind of negative effect, but it is used for the enemies you are fighting. Spider Eyesbrew Potions of Poison when added to an Awkward Potion. This potion deals damage over time, leaving entities at half a heart. It's ideal for weakening enemies, though it won’t kill them directly.
You can get this ingredient from the Spiders and Witches in the overworld itself. Likewise, adding Redstone to this extends duration (up to 2 minutes), and Glowstone increases potency (Poison II for 22 seconds).
If you have played Minecraft enough by now, you might have already heard or come across Magma Cream. It is dropped from Magma Cubes or crafted from a Slimeball and Blaze Powder. This ingredient is then used to craft Potions of Fire Resistance.
This potion is exceptionally important; it saves you from fire and lava, especially while you are exploring the Nether. Moving on, if you use Redstone, it extends the effect to 8 minutes. Whereas, Glowstone has no effect, as there is no stronger version of Fire Resistance.
You cannot generally find Golden Carrots in random chests or anywhere in Minecraft.
Rather, you will need to craft these using a carrot and 8 gold nuggets, which are eventually used to brew the Potions of Night Vision. As for the modifiers, Redstone increases duration to 8 minutes, whereas Glowstone does not apply here.
Surprised to see Pufferfish here? Well, it is one of the main ingredients in making the Potions of Water Breathing. You can find this fish in warm oceans and catch them for this particular purpose. You can extend the potion to 8 minutes using Redstone, while Glowstone has no effect whatsoever.
Another vital ingredient, which is dropped by Phantoms that spawn after players avoid sleep for 3+ nights, is used to create Potions of Slow Falling.
This effect nullifies fall damage and slows your descent. With Redstone, the duration increases to 4 minutes. Glowstone cannot enhance it further. These are indispensable for Elytra use and Ender Dragon fights.
Turtle Shells are crafted from 5 Scutes dropped when baby turtles grow up. These are then combined with the Awkward potion to craft Potion of the Turtle Master. This unique potion gives Resistance III and Slowness IV, making it a double-edged sword.
With Glowstone, the Resistance becomes stronger (but movement becomes even slower); with Redstone, the duration doubles.
The last item on our list is the Blaze Powder. This is obtained from the Blaze Rods and is also used in fueling the brewing stand itself. It also acts as a base ingredient to craft Potions of Strength. Redstone extends the duration from 3:00 to 8:00, while Glowstone upgrades it to Strength II, i.e., 1:30.
This is the complete list of all the base ingredients. Let’s learn in depth about the modifiers we mentioned above to enhance the potions.
Now that you know all about the different base ingredients and their role in brewing the potions, we will now be learning in depth about the various modifiers.
Minecraft lets you fine-tune your potions with four powerful modifiers: Redstone, Glowstone Dust, Gunpowder, and Dragon’s Breath. These aren’t ingredients for brewing new effects; instead, they’re tools to enhance how your potions behave, making them last longer, hit harder, or function differently in the field.
Note: You can’t stack Redstone and Glowstone, only one can be used per potion. Gunpowder and Dragon’s Breath, however, can be added afterward to change the potion’s delivery method.
Redstone as a Modifier is used to extend the duration of most time-based potions. If you add Redstone after a base ingredient, it upgrades a potion's effect length without altering its core functionality or power level.
You might have seen this in brewing potions like Night Vision, Fire Resistance, Swiftness, and Water Breathing, situations where lasting longer is more beneficial than hitting harder. The real question is, how is it used? You simply have to place your brewed potion back into the Brewing Stand and add Redstone Dust in the top slot.
Then, after a few seconds, the potion will convert into its extended version. There are a few exceptions, such as Healing, Harming, etc, potions that do not have a time component. In such cases, this modifier will not affect such potions.
Let’s look at an example:
You can find similar examples of potions like Night Vision, Poison, and many more.
Glowstone is yet another modifier that amplifies a potion’s strength, increasing its effect level while reducing its duration. Let’s take an example and see how this works and what it does.
In the above list, Glowstone simply upgraded the potions with a level-based effect.
To apply this, place the potion bottle into the stand and add Glowstone Dust into the top slot. If Redstone has already been used, Glowstone will overwrite it. Also, some potions (like Night Vision, Fire Resistance, and Water Breathing) do not support amplification, and Glowstone does not affect them.
Here is an example:
There are other potions as well that use the Glowstone modifiers, such as Potions of Strength, Healing, Leaping, Swiftness, and many more.
Next, we have Gunpowder that turns any potion into a Splash Potion. These kinds of potions break on impact once thrown at other players or even mobs to create an effect. Splash Potions are essential for multiplayer tactics, mob healing/damaging, villager curing, and AoE buffing.
To create such potions, start by brewing the base potion first, either with or without the Redstone/Glowstone modifiers, then add Gunpowder. This doesn't alter the potion’s effect or strength, just its form.
Here is an example to explain how Gunpowder works:
There are a few more things to keep in mind while brewing and using Splash Potions. For example, make sure to be careful when throwing Splash Potions. If thrown directly at your feet, it will also affect you. Furthermore, Splash potions can be used in dispensers for traps or automatic effects.
Lastly, we have the Dragon’s Breath. This is used to create Lingering Potions, a rare and powerful potion type that leaves a cloud of persistent effect on the ground where it lands. Once the potion is thrown on the ground, any player or mob entering the cloud gets the potion effect for a short time.
Dragon’s Breath is kind of a rare item that can only be collected in the End dimension during an Ender Dragon boss fight, making it a late-game ingredient. It is released as part of the dragon’s special attack, which creates a damaging purple fireball cloud (called “dragon’s breath attack”) on the obsidian pillars or around players.
To collect it, you will have to go through the Ender Dragon Fight and carry at least 4-6 Glass Bottles with you. During this battle, the dragon will fire a purple fireball toward you, which explodes into a cloud of pink-purple particles on the ground, or when it lands on the central bedrock fountain, it breathes purple gas in a wide arc.
Simply stand over these particles and make a right-click with the glass bottle in your hand. All the Dragon’s Breath will be collected in the bottle. You can keep repeating this till you defeat the dragon. Once collected, add it to a Splash Potion in the Brewing Stand to convert it into its lingering form.
Here is an example of how the potion is created.
There are multiple other potions you can convert using this modifier into a lingering potion and use them to your advantage in fights.
Finally, let’s talk about all the potions you can brew, including base potion, final effect, and enhancements. You are already familiar with the various base ingredients and the underlying concept behind them.
One of the most important and beneficial potions in Minecraft is the Potion of Fire Resistance, and for all the right reasons. It protects you from any fire-based damage, such as from Lava, and you won’t catch fire. You can even swim in lava safely, though visibility and mobility remain issues.
To create a Potion of Fire Resistance, follow these brewing steps:
As for the Modifiers, you can use Redstone Dust to increase the duration from 3:00 to 8:00, while Glowstone does not affect it since there are no upgraded versions of this potion.
Similarly, Gunpowder will convert this into Splash Potion of Fire Resistance, and by using Dragon’s Breath, you can Splash Potion into a Lingering Potion of Fire Resistance, useful for group buffs or tipped arrows.
This one is pretty obvious. The Potion of Night Vision allows you to see in the dark as clearly as day. It works perfectly well in pitch black areas or areas with dim ambient light. This effect does not increase actual light levels, so mobs can still spawn, but your visibility becomes crystal clear.
Here are the steps you can follow to brew this potion.
This potion works for about 3 minutes. To modify it, you can use Redstone Dust that increases the duration from 3:00 to 8:00 minutes. Likewise, Glowstone Dust can be used to create the Splash potion and the Dragon’s Breath for Lingering Potion.
If you ever go exploring caves or the Ancient City, this will come in handy. Furthermore, you can even use a Potion of Night Vision before a Potion of Water Breathing for full visibility and functionality underwater.
This potion increases your movement speed by +20%, letting you run, swim, and sprint faster. It helps you cover horizontal ground quickly, making it one of the most-used potions in both survival and competitive multiplayer.
Here are the steps you can follow to brew the Potion of Swiftness:
For modifiers, you can use Redstone Dust to extend the Swiftness I duration from 3:00 to 8:00 minutes. Then, use Glowstone Dust to craft Swiftness II (40% speed boost), but reduces duration to 1:30 minutes.
When you drink a Potion of Strength, it applies a status effect called “Strength” (visible in your HUD). This effect boosts the damage you deal with melee attacks, which means anything like punching (fist), Swords, Axes, and Tridents (melee only, not thrown). This does not apply to bows, crossbows, or tridents when thrown.
The base version (Strength I) grants a +3 damage boost to each melee hit, while the upgraded version (Strength II) boosts melee damage by +6. Here is how it works:
Let’s say you’re using a Diamond Sword, which deals 7 base damage.
If you’re under Strength I, you’ll now deal:
7 (sword) + 3 (strength) = 10 total damage per hit
Similarly, under Strength II, it’s:
7 + 6 = 13 total damage
Here are the steps you can follow to brew this potion:
That is not all. By using Redstone Dust as a modifier, you extend the Strength I duration from 3:00 to 8:00 minutes. Whereas Glowstone Dust upgrades the potion to Strength II, which deals +6 extra melee damage but lasts only 1:30 minutes.
The Potion of Turtle Master has a dual effect. It gives Resistance (massive damage reduction) but at the cost of Slowness (severely reduced movement speed). You become like a turtle that walks slowly but is well protected from any damage.
The default version grants: Resistance III (60% damage reduction) and Slowness IV (85% speed reduction).
To brew this potion, start by crafting an Awkward potion. Then, add a Turtle Shell in the top slot to create the Potion of Turtle Master that remains active for only 20 seconds. Using Modifiers like Redstone Dust, the duration increases from 20 to 40 seconds.
Whereas the Glowstone Dust upgrades the potion to Resistance IV (80% damage reduction) and Slowness VI (90% movement reduction). However, the duration has now been reduced to 20 seconds.
Next up, we have the Potion of Regeneration. This particular potion gradually restores your health over time by healing half a heart every 2.5 seconds. It isn’t like the Healing potion, which instantly restores health, but rather works to provide sustainability.
To brew this, you will need Awkward Potion infused with Ghast Tear as a base ingredient. This potion lasts for about 45 seconds. Now, you can choose to upgrade this by using Redstone Dust, which will extend the duration from 0:45 to 1:30 minutes. Likewise, Glowstone Dust increases the healing rate to Regeneration II, but reduces duration to 0:22 seconds.
You can get Ghast Tears from the Nether Dimension when you kill the Ghast mob. Once you know the technique of killing them, you can get as many Ghast Tears as needed. To increase the chances, try using looting swords.
Furthermore, Regeneration I heals 1 HP every 2.5 seconds, i.e., 0:45 = 9 HP (4.5 hearts) and 1:30 = 18 HP (9 hearts). Whereas, Regeneration II heals much faster, i.e., 1 HP every 1.25 seconds and 0:22 = ~17 HP (8.5 hearts) in a short burst.
Like we talked about before, Potion of Regeneration is known for restoring health over time, while the Healing Potion gives instant health. This is your emergency and your go-to recovery option when you are in a battle with other players or with mobs. It’s one of the only potions with an immediate effect instead of lasting over time.
There are two versions: Potion of Healing (Instant Health I) that restores 4 HP (2 hearts) and Potion of Healing II that restores 8 HP (4 hearts).
To brew this potion, you will need the basic Awkward Potion like always. Along with this, the base ingredient here is a Glistering Melon Slice, which, together, will give you the Potion of Healing.
If you are thinking of upgrading this potion, you need to know that Redstone Dust does not affect this. However, Glowstone Dust converts Instant Health I into Instant Health II.
While trying to breathe underwater, you might have noticed that you can only hold your breath for 15 seconds before taking drowning damage. With the Potion of Water Breathing, you can stay submerged for minutes without worry.
It also prevents suffocation damage from bubble columns or swimming into small enclosed spaces underwater. This is a perfect potion while exploring underwater caves and other deep-sea exploration.
To brew this potion, start by crafting the Awkward Potion using Water bottles and Nether Wart. Add the base ingredient, Pufferfish, to the top slot. You will get the Potion of Water Breathing. You can use Redstone Dust to increase the duration to eight minutes, which poses a huge advantage.
One of the best potions out there. We say this because Potion of Slow Falling negates all fall damage, no matter how high you fall. Furthermore, it even slows your descent, allowing graceful, glider-like falls.
You will need this potion specifically during the Ender Dragon Fight while trying to destroy the End Crystals on the tower. It’s also a favorite during Elytra-based builds, parkour, or even high-risk Redstone construction.
To brew the Slow Falling potion, add Phantom Membrane to the top slot and Awkward Potion. This potion initially lasts for about 1 minute and 30 seconds. For upgrading, use Redstone Dust that increases the duration to 4 minutes.
Everyone can deduce what this potion does. The Potion of Invisibility makes you completely invisible, making you undetectable around mobs and other players. However, your armor, held items, arrows stuck in your body, and status effects (like potion particles) still remain visible, so full invisibility requires strategy.
This potion does not have the same procedure as the other potions you might have come across in this list. Instead, it is one of the few potions made by corrupting another potion. To brew this, you will need Awkward Potion.
Then, add a Golden Carrot to make a Potion of Night Vision. From here, you need to add Fermented Spider Eye to this potion that will brew the Potion of Invisibility. This may look tricky, but with the right ingredients, it will be done in no time.
For an upgrade, you can add Redstone Dust that will increase the duration to 8:00 minutes. However, the Glowstone Dust does not affect this potion since there is no level of scaling for this potion.
This potion is basically for your enemies, mostly used to inflict the Poison status effect, which gradually reduces the target’s health over time, but never kills them outright. It eventually lowers the health of others around who come in contact with ½ a heart, leaving them extremely vulnerable to any follow-up damage.
It might be perfect in a PvP fight; however, you might need to be careful since the poison effect may not work with undead mobs. The brewing process is pretty simple: craft an Awkward potion and add a Spider Eye to it, and you have your Potion of Poison.
The modifiers are of great use here. With the use of Redstone Dust, you can increase the duration to 2 minutes. Similarly, Glowstone Dust converts it into Poison II, which increases the rate of damage but lowers the duration to 0:22.
The Potion of Weakness applies the Weakness status effect, which reduces the target’s melee attack damage. In much simpler terms, it decreases melee damage by -4 attack damage. It plays a key role in curing Zombie Villagers, making it one of the few potions with unique game-altering utility.
A unique aspect of this potion is that it does not require Nether Wart, hence you will not need to craft the Awkward Potion as well. That makes it easier to craft early in the game.
Simply start by placing the Water Bottles and add Fermented Spider Eye as the main ingredient. This will brew the Potion of Weakness that lasts for 1 minute and 30 seconds. You can also extend the duration of this potion to four minutes using the Redstone Dust.
Potion of Slowness is not the same as the Slow Falling potion. It applies the Slowness status effect, which reduces the movement speed of anyone affected by it. This is perfect for making enemies sluggish and easy to catch, escape from, or target from a distance.
At base level, it reduces speed by 15%, while the upgraded version (Slowness IV) cuts speed by a huge 60%, almost freezing targets in place. Another important fact about this Potion is that it is one of the “corrupted” potions, made by modifying another effect potion with a Fermented Spider Eye.
Now, there are two ways to brew this potion. Either brew Potion of Swiftness (Sugar + Awkward Potion), then add Fermented Spider Eye. Or else, brew Potion of Leaping (Rabbit’s Foot + Awkward Potion) and add Fermented Spider Eye.
Initially, the time limit for this Potion is 1 minute and 30 seconds. However, you can upgrade its duration to four minutes by using Redstone Dust. Likewise, Glowstone Dust creates Slowness IV (0:20), but reduces the speed by 60%.
If you are looking to inflict instant damage on your target, Potion of Harming is the one to go for. There is no duration or other effects on the target; instead, it results in direct health reduction. For example, Harming I deals 6 points (3 hearts) of damage, whereas Harming II deals 12 points (6 hearts) of damage.
Yet again, Potion of Harming is created by corrupting a Potion of Healing or Poison using a Fermented Spider Eye.
There are two base potions you can start with, i.e., Potion of Healing (Glistering Melon + Awkward Potion) and Potion of Poison (Spider Eye + Awkward Potion). Then, you simply have to add the Fermented Spider Eye to brew the Potion of Harming. You can also use some modifiers like Glowstone Dust to convert to Harming II (double the damage).
The last potion in our list is the Potion of Leaping. It gives you the Jump Boost status effect, allowing you to: Jump higher (about 1.5 blocks with Jump Boost I) and reduce fall damage slightly (more effective with Jump Boost II).
To brew this potion, you need Awkward Potion and Rabbit’s Foot as the base ingredients. The first level here lasts for about 3 minutes. If you further add Redstone Dust to this, the duration increases to eight minutes. Furthermore, using Glowstone Dust upgrades this potion to Leaping II, increasing jump height further, but duration is shortened to 1:30.
That is all. We have everything we needed to know about all the potions and how you can brew them.
Whether you're dodging lava in the Nether with Fire Resistance, landing the perfect PvP trap with Splash Harming, or curing a Zombie Villager to unlock massive trade discounts, potions turn you from a survivor into a strategist.
So set up your brewing stand, gather your ingredients, and start experimenting. Because in Minecraft, a well-timed potion can make the impossible... possible.
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